Photography has come a long way since its inception in the early 19th century. The first version of photography was a product of the work of several inventors and scientists who were exploring the possibilities of capturing images using light-sensitive materials. The earliest cameras were large, cumbersome and expensive, but they opened up a whole new world of image-making and changed the way we see and record the world around us. In this article, we will explore the evolution of photography from its earliest beginnings to the sophisticated techniques used today. So, buckle up and let’s dive into the fascinating world of photography!
The Origins of Photography
The Invention of the Camera Obscura
The Camera Obscura, also known as the dark chamber, was first invented in the 16th century. It was initially used as a device for projecting images onto a wall or screen, but it would later play a crucial role in the development of photography. The Camera Obscura was a simple device that consisted of a light-tight box with a small hole or lens on one side and an image on the opposite side. Light entering the hole was projected onto a surface inside the box, creating a reversed and inverted image.
The Camera Obscura’s invention is attributed to the work of several European scientists and artists, including Giambattista della Porta, who wrote about the device in his book “Magicus Naturalis” in 1588. The device was later popularized by the artist and inventor, Johannes Vermeer, who used it to create his famous paintings, such as “A Lady Standing at a Virginal.”
The Camera Obscura was a significant innovation in the history of photography because it demonstrated that images could be captured and projected using light. This idea would later be refined and improved upon by inventors such as Joseph Nicephore Niepce and Louis Daguerre, who developed the first practical photographic processes.
The Development of the Camera Lens
The development of the camera lens is a crucial aspect of the evolution of photography. It played a vital role in shaping the way we capture and perceive images today.
The earliest cameras were primitive and did not have a lens. Instead, they used a pinhole to allow light to pass through and create an image on a surface. This method was not very efficient, as it resulted in low-quality images with limited detail.
The first lens to be used in a camera was the simple convex lens, which was invented in the 16th century. This lens could focus light onto a single point, creating a clearer image. However, it was still limited in its ability to capture details and depth.
The next significant development in camera lenses was the invention of the achromatic lens in the 18th century. This lens was made from two glass elements, which corrected the chromatic aberration that occurred in the simple convex lens. This allowed for clearer and more accurate images to be captured.
In the 19th century, the development of the telephoto and wide-angle lenses expanded the possibilities of photography. The telephoto lens allowed photographers to capture distant objects, while the wide-angle lens enabled them to capture a wider field of view.
In the 20th century, the development of specialized lenses, such as the zoom lens and the fish-eye lens, further expanded the creative possibilities of photography. These lenses allowed photographers to capture images from different perspectives and distances, giving them greater control over the composition of their images.
Today, camera lenses are an essential part of photography, and there are many different types available to suit different needs and preferences. From wide-angle lenses for landscape photography to telephoto lenses for wildlife photography, the options are vast and varied.
In conclusion, the development of the camera lens has been a crucial aspect of the evolution of photography. From the simple convex lens to the advanced specialized lenses of today, the lens has played a vital role in shaping the way we capture and perceive images.
Early Photography Techniques
Daguerreotype
The Daguerreotype, invented by Louis Daguerre in 1839, was the first commercially successful photographic process. It involved the use of a silver-plated copper plate coated with a thin layer of silver iodide, which was exposed to an image and then developed using mercury vapor. The resulting image was a one-of-a-kind, direct positive photograph with a unique look due to the inherent characteristics of the process.
Daguerreotypes were popular in the mid-19th century and were known for their high level of detail and sharpness. They were often used for portraiture and were considered a luxury item due to the cost of the equipment and the time required for the process. The popularity of daguerreotypes was short-lived, however, as new processes such as the albumen print and salt print were developed and became more widely used.
Despite their decline in popularity, daguerreotypes remain an important part of the history of photography and are still highly sought after by collectors today. The process was revolutionary at the time and marked the beginning of a new era in art and communication, allowing people to capture and preserve images in a way that had never been possible before.
Calotype
The Calotype, developed by William Henry Fox Talbot in the early 1800s, was one of the earliest photographic techniques. It involved the use of a light-sensitive paper negative, which was then printed onto a more stable surface, such as a metal or glass plate, to produce a positive image.
The Calotype process involved several steps. First, a negative image was created by exposing a light-sensitive paper to the scene to be photographed. This paper was then treated with a solution of common salt, which made it light-sensitive. After drying, the paper was exposed to light again, this time with an object placed in front of it. The light-sensitive paper would then record the image of the object, creating a negative image.
To produce a positive image, the negative was then printed onto a more stable surface, such as a metal or glass plate, using a printing process. The paper negative was placed in contact with the surface and exposed to light, causing the light-sensitive material to harden and produce a positive image.
The Calotype process was a significant development in the history of photography, as it allowed for the production of multiple copies of an image. Prior to this, each photograph had to be created individually, making it a time-consuming and expensive process. The Calotype process also paved the way for the development of other photographic techniques, such as the daguerreotype, which would soon follow.
Wet Plate Collodion Process
The Wet Plate Collodion Process was one of the earliest photographic techniques, developed in the 1850s. It involved the use of a glass plate coated with a light-sensitive solution, which was then exposed to an image and developed using a variety of chemicals. The resulting image was a direct positive print, which could be viewed directly or used to make further copies using other printing processes.
Here are some key points about the Wet Plate Collodion Process:
- The process was developed by Frederick Scott Archer, an English photographer, in the 1850s.
- The glass plate was coated with a light-sensitive solution made from a mixture of silver, salt, and acids. This solution was known as “collodion,” and it gave the process its name.
- The plate was exposed to the image in a camera, which could be a large, bulky device or a smaller handheld one. The exposure time could vary from a few seconds to several minutes, depending on the light conditions and the size of the plate.
- After the plate was exposed, it was developed using a variety of chemicals, including a fixing solution, a washing solution, and a toning solution. The toning solution gave the final image its characteristic brownish-black color.
- The resulting image was a direct positive print, which could be viewed directly or used to make further copies using other printing processes, such as albumen printing or salt printing.
- The Wet Plate Collodion Process was used by many photographers in the mid-19th century, including Matthew Brady, who used it to document the American Civil War. However, it was eventually replaced by other processes, such as the dry plate process and film photography, which were more convenient and less expensive.
Despite its limitations, the Wet Plate Collodion Process was an important milestone in the history of photography, as it demonstrated the potential of the medium and paved the way for later developments.
The Birth of Film Photography
The Invention of Film
In the early 19th century, photography was in its infancy, and the first steps towards creating a way to capture and record images were being taken. The invention of film marked a significant turning point in the history of photography, allowing for the creation of permanent images that could be duplicated and shared.
The development of film was a gradual process, with many inventors contributing to its creation. In 1826, the French inventor Joseph Niépce created the first known photograph, titled “View from the Window at Le Gras.” This image, captured using a camera obscura, depicted a view of a house and surrounding countryside. However, the image was not a permanent one, as it was created using a process that required several hours of exposure to light.
It was not until 1839 that the first truly permanent photograph was created. This image, known as “View of the Window at Le Gras,” was taken by Louis Daguerre, a French artist and inventor. Daguerre had been working on a process that involved using a silver-plated copper plate coated with a thin layer of silver iodide, which was exposed to an image and then developed using mercury vapor. The resulting image was a permanent one, and Daguerre’s invention of the daguerreotype process marked the beginning of the age of film photography.
The daguerreotype process was a significant breakthrough, as it allowed for the creation of detailed and accurate images that could be reproduced. However, the process was slow and required careful manipulation of the camera and the chemicals used in the development process. It was not until the mid-19th century that more practical and accessible methods of photography were developed, such as the calotype process and the collodion process, which would pave the way for the widespread adoption of film photography.
The Advent of Roll Film
The advent of roll film marked a significant turning point in the history of photography. With the introduction of this new technology, photographers were no longer limited by the number of exposures they could take with a single plate of film. Roll film enabled photographers to load a spool with a length of film, which could then be used to take multiple photographs before being rewound and reused.
One of the first roll films was the Eastman Kodak Company’s 35mm film, which was introduced in 1913. This film was thinner and more flexible than the previously used glass plates, making it easier to transport and use in a wider range of cameras. The popularity of 35mm film led to the development of a variety of cameras, including the Leica, which was introduced in 1925 and became famous for its portability and high-quality images.
The use of roll film also allowed for greater control over exposure and development times, enabling photographers to capture more detailed and accurate images. Additionally, the ability to rewind and reuse film meant that photographers could take more photographs without having to constantly purchase new plates or film.
The advent of roll film revolutionized the photography industry and paved the way for the development of even more advanced film technologies in the decades that followed.
The Rise of 35mm Film
The introduction of 35mm film marked a significant turning point in the history of photography. This innovative film format offered photographers a compact, easy-to-use medium that could be easily loaded into a wide variety of cameras.
Compact and Convenient
The 35mm film format was significantly smaller and more lightweight than previous film formats, making it much easier to transport and use in the field. This was a major advantage for photographers who wanted to capture candid or spontaneous moments, as they could carry their cameras with them more easily and without the need for bulky equipment.
Versatile Frame Size
The 35mm film format also offered a versatile frame size that could accommodate a wide range of image compositions. With a standard frame size of 36mm x 24mm, photographers could capture both wide-angle and telephoto shots, depending on the specific lens used. This made it possible to capture a wide range of images, from sweeping landscapes to intimate portraits.
Advancements in Camera Design
The rise of 35mm film also led to significant advancements in camera design. With the new format, camera manufacturers were able to create smaller, more lightweight cameras that still offered high-quality image output. This made photography more accessible to a wider audience, as more people could afford to purchase cameras and film.
Popularity Among Professional Photographers
The 35mm film format also gained widespread popularity among professional photographers, who appreciated its high image quality and versatility. The format was widely used in photojournalism, documentary photography, and other genres that required fast and discreet camera operation.
Overall, the rise of 35mm film marked a major turning point in the history of photography, ushering in a new era of convenience, versatility, and accessibility for photographers of all skill levels.
Digital Photography and the Modern Era
The Emergence of Digital Cameras
In the early 1970s, the first digital cameras were developed by a team of engineers at the Eastman Kodak Company. These initial models were relatively basic, producing low-resolution images and primarily used for scientific and research purposes. However, the technology continued to advance rapidly, and by the 1990s, digital cameras had become more widely available to consumers.
One of the most significant developments in the evolution of digital photography was the introduction of the first consumer digital camera by Kodak in 1991. This camera, known as the “DC-40,” had a resolution of 0.3 megapixels and could store up to 200 images on a memory card. While far from the high-quality images we are accustomed to today, this camera marked a significant milestone in the democratization of photography, making it more accessible and affordable for everyday users.
In the years that followed, digital cameras continued to improve in terms of image quality, storage capacity, and overall functionality. By the early 2000s, cameras with several megapixels had become commonplace, and the development of advanced sensors and image processing algorithms led to even higher image quality.
As smartphones became increasingly ubiquitous, many manufacturers began integrating high-quality cameras into their devices, further revolutionizing the photography industry. This integration allowed for instant sharing of images on social media platforms and facilitated the rise of camera phones as a dominant form of personal photography.
Despite the widespread adoption of smartphone cameras, traditional digital cameras still offer a range of features and capabilities that appeal to professional photographers and enthusiasts alike. These include interchangeable lenses, higher image quality, and more advanced controls over settings like aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.
Overall, the emergence of digital cameras marked a significant turning point in the history of photography, ushering in a new era of accessible, versatile, and high-quality imaging technology.
The Development of Sensor Technology
The Emergence of Digital Cameras
The digital camera revolutionized the photography industry by capturing images digitally and storing them on a memory card or other digital storage device. Unlike film cameras, digital cameras allowed photographers to review and edit their images instantly, making the process of taking and editing photos much more efficient.
The Transition from Analog to Digital Sensors
Analog sensors were the first type of sensor used in digital cameras. They work by converting light into electrical signals that are then processed by the camera’s electronics. However, these sensors had several limitations, including a relatively low resolution and a limited dynamic range.
The Rise of CCD and CMOS Sensors
In the 1990s, two new types of sensors emerged: CCD (charge-coupled device) and CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor). CCD sensors were the first to be widely adopted in digital cameras and were known for their high image quality and low noise levels. However, they were also more expensive to produce than CMOS sensors.
CMOS sensors quickly became the dominant type of sensor in digital cameras due to their lower cost and higher sensitivity. CMOS sensors work by using a pixel array to capture light and convert it into electrical signals. They also have a lower power consumption than CCD sensors, making them more suitable for use in portable devices.
The Advantages of CMOS Sensors
CMOS sensors have several advantages over CCD sensors, including a higher dynamic range, better low-light performance, and faster readout speeds. They also have a simpler structure, which makes them easier and cheaper to manufacture. As a result, CMOS sensors have become the standard for most digital cameras and are now used in a wide range of applications, including smartphones, drones, and security cameras.
The Future of Sensor Technology
Sensor technology is constantly evolving, and there are several new developments on the horizon. One promising technology is the use of stacked sensors, which involve placing multiple layers of sensors and electronic components on top of each other to increase the sensor’s overall performance. Stacked sensors have the potential to significantly improve image quality, reduce noise levels, and increase dynamic range.
Another development is the use of quantum sensors, which use the principles of quantum mechanics to detect and measure light. Quantum sensors have the potential to achieve even higher levels of sensitivity and resolution than traditional sensors, making them a promising technology for future camera systems.
The Impact of Smartphones on Photography
With the advent of smartphones, photography has become more accessible than ever before. The integration of high-quality cameras into mobile devices has revolutionized the way people capture and share images. This section will explore the impact of smartphones on photography and how they have changed the way we perceive and create photographs.
- Democratization of Photography:
- Smartphones have made photography accessible to everyone, regardless of their economic status or technical expertise.
- This has led to an explosion of creativity, as people from all walks of life can express themselves through photography.
- The democratization of photography has also given rise to new genres and styles, such as street photography and mobile photography.
- The Role of Social Media:
- Social media platforms, such as Instagram and Facebook, have played a significant role in the rise of smartphone photography.
- These platforms provide a global audience for photographers, enabling them to share their work with a massive and diverse audience.
- Social media has also created a culture of instant gratification, as people can instantly share their photographs with others.
- The Impact on Traditional Photography:
- The rise of smartphone photography has had a significant impact on traditional photography.
- Many photographers have embraced smartphone photography as a tool for capturing candid moments and everyday life.
- Others, however, have criticized the proliferation of smartphone photography, arguing that it has led to a decrease in the quality of traditional photography.
- The Future of Smartphone Photography:
- As smartphone technology continues to advance, it is likely that smartphone cameras will become even more sophisticated.
- This could lead to new creative possibilities, as well as new challenges for photographers.
- Ultimately, the future of smartphone photography will depend on how photographers choose to use this technology and what they do with it.
Contemporary Photography Trends
Fine Art and Conceptual Photography
Fine art and conceptual photography are two contemporary trends that have emerged in the world of photography. These styles of photography often challenge traditional notions of what photography is and can be used to convey complex ideas and emotions.
Fine Art Photography
Fine art photography is a style of photography that is created as a form of artistic expression. It often involves the use of creative techniques and methods to produce images that are aesthetically pleasing and thought-provoking. Fine art photographers often use their images to explore and express abstract ideas and emotions, and their work is often displayed in galleries and museums.
Conceptual Photography
Conceptual photography is a style of photography that is used to convey a specific idea or concept. It often involves the use of symbolism and metaphor to create images that are open to interpretation. Conceptual photographers often use their images to explore and comment on social, political, and cultural issues, and their work is often considered to be provocative and thought-provoking.
Both fine art and conceptual photography have become increasingly popular in recent years, as photographers continue to push the boundaries of what photography can be. These styles of photography often involve a high degree of creativity and imagination, and they require photographers to have a strong understanding of artistic principles and techniques.
Documentary and Street Photography
Documentary Photography
Documentary photography is a genre that focuses on capturing real-life events, people, and places. It is used to tell stories and raise awareness about social, political, and environmental issues. This genre has evolved significantly over the years, and today, documentary photographers use a variety of techniques to create powerful images that resonate with their audience.
One of the key characteristics of documentary photography is its commitment to showing reality as it is. Photographers strive to capture authentic moments and present them in a way that is honest and unbiased. This means avoiding staging or manipulating the scene in any way, and instead, relying on the power of the image to communicate the message.
Documentary photographers also pay close attention to composition and lighting. They use these elements to create images that are visually striking and engaging, while still remaining true to the subject matter. In addition, many documentary photographers use captions or text to provide context and background information, helping the viewer to understand the significance of the image.
Street Photography
Street photography is another popular genre that has gained popularity in recent years. It involves capturing candid images of people in public spaces, such as streets, parks, and markets. Unlike documentary photography, street photography is more focused on the aesthetic qualities of the image, rather than the story it tells.
Street photographers often use wide-angle lenses to capture a broad view of the scene, and they are skilled at capturing fleeting moments that would otherwise be missed. They also pay close attention to the light and shadows in the scene, using them to create dramatic and dynamic images.
One of the key challenges of street photography is capturing the essence of a place or moment without intruding on the subjects’ privacy. Many street photographers use a candid approach, taking pictures from a distance or using a long lens to capture the scene without drawing attention to themselves. Others may interact with their subjects, but only to the extent necessary to capture the image.
Overall, documentary and street photography are two important genres in contemporary photography. They both offer unique opportunities for photographers to capture powerful images that tell stories and evoke emotions. Whether through the use of light, composition, or context, these photographers strive to create images that are both beautiful and meaningful.
Social Media and Selfie Culture
Social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and Snapchat have significantly impacted the way people take and share photographs. The rise of selfie culture has transformed the traditional concept of photography, with millions of users uploading self-portraits on a daily basis.
Here are some key points to consider:
- Influence of Social Media: Social media has become a powerful tool for photographers to showcase their work and connect with a global audience. Platforms like Instagram have provided a platform for amateur and professional photographers to share their photographs, gain followers, and build a reputation.
- Selfie Culture: The selfie has become a cultural phenomenon, with people taking self-portraits using various devices, including smartphones and digital cameras. Selfies are not only a way to capture one’s appearance but also a means of self-expression and communication.
- Impact on Photography: The rise of social media and selfie culture has had a significant impact on the photography industry. Traditional photography techniques, such as studio portraits and print media, have been replaced by digital platforms that allow for instant sharing and feedback.
- Technological Advancements: Technological advancements in smartphone cameras have enabled people to take high-quality photographs without the need for expensive equipment. This has democratized photography, allowing anyone with a smartphone to become a photographer.
- Authenticity and Identity: Social media and selfie culture have also changed the way people perceive authenticity and identity. People are more inclined to share candid and unfiltered photographs, which has led to a trend towards authenticity and transparency in photography.
Overall, social media and selfie culture have had a profound impact on the evolution of photography. They have transformed the way people take and share photographs, democratized the industry, and influenced the types of photographs that are popular and valued.
The Future of Photography
Technological Advancements
In recent years, technological advancements have played a significant role in shaping the future of photography. The development of new cameras, software, and digital tools has expanded the possibilities for photographers, enabling them to create images that were once thought impossible. Some of the most notable technological advancements in photography include:
Digital Cameras
Digital cameras have revolutionized the world of photography, providing photographers with greater control over their images and allowing for instant feedback. These cameras use electronic sensors to capture images, which are then stored as digital files. Digital cameras offer a range of features, including adjustable aperture, shutter speed, and ISO settings, making it easier for photographers to achieve the desired exposure and creative effects. Additionally, digital cameras offer the ability to review and edit images immediately after capture, enabling photographers to make adjustments and capture the perfect shot.
Smartphone Cameras
Smartphone cameras have also made significant advancements in recent years, with many high-end smartphones featuring advanced camera systems. These cameras often include multiple lenses, high-resolution sensors, and advanced software features, such as image stabilization and autofocus. Smartphone cameras have become a popular choice for many photographers, offering convenience and portability. However, they also have limitations, such as a smaller sensor size and limited manual controls.
Mirrorless Cameras
Mirrorless cameras have gained popularity in recent years, offering a smaller and more lightweight alternative to traditional DSLR cameras. Mirrorless cameras do not have a mirror or an optical viewfinder, instead using an electronic viewfinder or the rear screen to preview the image. They offer several advantages over traditional DSLRs, including a smaller size, improved autofocus systems, and faster shooting speeds. Additionally, mirrorless cameras often have a larger selection of lenses available, making it easier for photographers to achieve their desired results.
Drone Cameras
Drone cameras have become increasingly popular in recent years, offering photographers the ability to capture unique aerial perspectives. These cameras are mounted on drones, which can be flown remotely or controlled manually. Drone cameras offer a range of features, including adjustable aperture, shutter speed, and ISO settings, making it easier for photographers to achieve the desired exposure and creative effects. Additionally, drone cameras offer the ability to capture images from a unique perspective, making them ideal for landscape, architecture, and real estate photography.
In conclusion, technological advancements have played a significant role in shaping the future of photography. From digital cameras to smartphone cameras, mirrorless cameras, and drone cameras, there are now more options available to photographers than ever before. These advancements have expanded the possibilities for photographers, enabling them to create images that were once thought impossible.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence
The Advancements in Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements in recent years, particularly in the field of photography. With the ability to process vast amounts of data, AI can analyze and identify patterns in images, allowing for more accurate and efficient image processing. This has led to the development of new techniques such as object recognition, image segmentation, and image enhancement.
The Use of AI in Photography
The use of AI in photography has the potential to revolutionize the way we create and edit images. For example, AI can be used to automatically detect and correct errors in exposure, focus, and color balance. It can also be used to suggest composition improvements, such as the optimal camera angle or focal length.
Furthermore, AI can be used to generate new images from existing ones. This technique, known as image synthesis, uses deep learning algorithms to combine multiple images to create a new image that captures the essence of the originals. This has applications in fields such as fashion and advertising, where creating new images from scratch can be time-consuming and expensive.
The Challenges of AI in Photography
Despite its potential, the use of AI in photography also poses some challenges. One of the main challenges is the issue of privacy. AI algorithms require large amounts of data to function effectively, and this data often includes personal information such as faces and license plates. There is also the risk of bias in AI algorithms, which can lead to incorrect or discriminatory results.
Another challenge is the need for high-quality training data. AI algorithms require large amounts of data to function effectively, and this data must be of high quality to ensure accurate results. This can be a significant challenge, particularly for smaller photography studios or individual photographers who may not have access to large amounts of data.
In conclusion, the impact of AI on photography is significant and will continue to shape the future of the industry. While there are challenges to be addressed, the potential benefits of AI in photography are substantial, and it is likely to become an increasingly important tool for photographers in the years to come.
Environmental and Ethical Concerns
As photography continues to evolve, it is important to consider the environmental and ethical concerns that come with it. The use of film cameras, for example, resulted in the disposal of large amounts of toxic chemicals. With the rise of digital photography, there is now a significant amount of electronic waste that needs to be properly disposed of.
In addition to environmental concerns, there are also ethical considerations to take into account. The use of photography in certain contexts, such as war reporting or wildlife photography, can raise questions about the ethical treatment of subjects. Photographers must be mindful of their impact on the world around them and strive to create images that are both aesthetically pleasing and ethically sound.
Some of the key environmental and ethical concerns facing the photography industry include:
- The disposal of toxic chemicals from film cameras
- The management of electronic waste from digital cameras and other equipment
- The ethical treatment of subjects in certain contexts, such as war reporting or wildlife photography
As photography continues to evolve, it is important for photographers to consider these concerns and take steps to minimize their impact on the environment and the people around them.
FAQs
1. What was the first version of photography?
The first version of photography was the camera obscura, which was invented in the 16th century. It was a box with a hole on one side and an image projected on the opposite side. This simple device allowed people to capture images that could be traced or drawn. However, it wasn’t until the invention of the daguerreotype in 1839 that photography as we know it today began to take shape.
2. Who invented the camera obscura?
The exact inventor of the camera obscura is not known, as it was likely developed independently by several people around the same time. However, the earliest known reference to the device was in the writings of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who described a “walking room” that could be used to view landscapes and cityscapes.
3. What is the difference between a daguerreotype and a photograph?
A daguerreotype is a type of photograph that was developed in 1839 by Louis Daguerre. It is a direct image that is produced on a silver-plated copper plate, and it requires a long exposure time. Photographs, on the other hand, are produced using a variety of techniques, including digital photography, film photography, and printing processes.
4. What is the history of photography?
The history of photography began in the 16th century with the invention of the camera obscura. Over the next few centuries, various inventors and photographers developed new techniques and processes, including the daguerreotype, the calotype, and the gelatin silver print. In the 20th century, photography became more accessible with the development of roll film and 35mm cameras, and in the 21st century, digital photography has become the dominant form of the art.
5. What are some of the key figures in the history of photography?
Some of the key figures in the history of photography include Louis Daguerre, who invented the daguerreotype; William Henry Fox Talbot, who invented the calotype; and Ansel Adams, who was a prominent landscape photographer in the 20th century. Other notable photographers include Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Weston, and Dorothea Lange.
